Niveles de proteína carbonilada y capacidad antioxidante total en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico y enfermedad periodontal / Carbonylated protein levels and total antioxidante capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of recent diagnosis and periodontal disease

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de proteínas carboniladas y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT) en fluido crevicular gingival (FCG) de pacientes con recién diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) con periodontitis crónica (PC), sujetos con PC y sujetos con gingivitis (G). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en sujetos de ambos sexos (35-55 años). Se formaron tres grupos: DM2+PC, PC y G. Se incluyeron sujetos con ≤ 1.6 años de DM2 con PC. Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos y periodontales. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo (OxS) se determinaron por colorimetría y se cuantificaron por espectrofotometría. Se utilizó ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis para observar diferencias entre los grupos y se analizaron las correlaciones con Pearson/Spearman. Resultados: El grupo DM2 + PC mostró un incremento significativo en la edad, índice de masa corporal y glucosa en comparación con los grupos PC y G. La profundidad de la bolsa (PD), pérdida de inserción, sangrado e índice gingival fueron mayores en el grupo DM2 + PC versus grupos PC y G (p < 0.001). No se encontró diferencia entre los grupos en CAT. El grupo DM2 + PC mostró mayor concentración de proteínas carboniladas versus grupo G (p = 0.03). PD correlacionó directamente con LDL en el grupo DM2 + PC (p = 0.04). Conclusión: Las proteínas carboniladas en el grupo DM2 + PC presentaron una diferencia significativa, indicando el daño oxidativo sinérgico de ambas patologías. La concentración de CAT tiende a elevarse en el grupo DM2 + PC, probablemente como un mecanismo compensatorio en busca del restablecimiento de homeostasis (AU)

Objective: To compare the concentrations of carbonylated proteins and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with chronic periodontitis (CP), subjects with CP and subjects with gingivitis (G). Material and methods: Cross-sectional study in subjects of both sexes (35-55 years). Three groups were formed: DM2 + CP, CP and G. Subjects with ≤ 1.6 years of DM2 with CP were included. Clinical and periodontal parameters were evaluated. OxS markers were determined by colorimetry and quantified by spectrophotometry. ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis was used to observe differences between the groups and the correlations were analyzed with Pearson/Spearman tests. Results: The DM2 + CP group showed a significant increase in age, body mass index and glucose in comparison with groups CP and G. The depth of the pocket (DP), insertion loss, bleeding and gingival index were higher in the group DM2 + CP versus groups CP and G (p < 0.001). No difference was found between the groups in TAC. The DM2 + CP group showed a higher concentration of carbonylated proteins versus group G (p = 0.03). DP correlated directly with LDL in the DM2 + CP group (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The carbonylated proteins in the DM2 + CP group showed a significant difference, indicating the synergistic oxidative damage of both pathologies. The concentration of TAC tends to rise in the DM2 + CP group, probably as a compensatory mechanism in search of the restoration of homeostasis (AU)

Daily intake of a bean-fiber fortified bar reduces oxidative stress

as been proposed that the consumption of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) reduces cardiovascular risk, and prevents and controls both chronic and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity of a bean-fiber fortified bar (BFB) versus a commercial bar (CB) in 60 Mexican men and women (18-65 years old), who were randomly distributed in two groups: BFB or CB; individuals consumed a bar a day for one month. Anthropometric data, food intake and blood samples were collected. Glucose tolerance (GTT), lipid profile (PL), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) tests were performed; carbonyls groups in serum oxidized proteins were also measured. GTT and PL were not different between both groups in either the 15 or 30-day follow-up of bar consumption assessments. There were no significant differences in either TBARS or carbonyl concentration between groups; BFB group showed higher levels of serum lipid peroxidation in basal and fifteen days measurements; these levels decreased at the final evaluation: No differences were detected on carbonyl levels between groups. In conclusion, 30 days of fiber bean bar consumption did not alter glucose or PL levels, while, in the BFF group, oxidative stress decreased within 30 days of the consumption of the fortified bar(AU)

Se ha propuesto que el consumo de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) reduce el riesgo cardiovascular, y previene y controla las enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la capacidad antioxidante de una barra fortificada con fibra de frijol (BFB) versus una barra comercial (CB) en 60 hombres y mujeres mexicanos (18-65 años de edad), quienes aleatoriamente fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: El grupo BFB y el CB que consumieron la barras fortificada con frijol y la barra comercial, respectivamente, durante un mes. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos, ingesta de alimentos y muestras de sangre. Se realizó prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa (GTT), el perfil de lípidos (PL), la peroxidación de lípidos (TBARS) y la cuantificación de carbonilos en proteínas oxidadas como pruebas de bioquímica sanguínea. GTT y PL no fueron diferentes entre ambos grupos en la evaluación de seguimiento de 15 y 30 días del consumo de la barra. No hubo diferencias significativas en los TBARS o la concentración de carbonilo entre los grupos, el grupo BFB mostró niveles más altos de peroxidación de lípidos en suero en la fase basal y a los quince días del consumo de la barra; curiosamente, estos niveles disminuyeron en la evaluación final. No se detectaron diferencias en los niveles de carbonilo entre los grupos. En conclusión, 30 días de consumo de barras de fibra de frijol no alteraron los niveles de glucosa o PL; mientras que, en el grupo BFB, el estrés oxidativo disminuyó a los 30 días del consumo de la barra fortificada(AU)

A high-fat diet decreases GABA concentration in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in the regulation of food intake and body weight by controlling the excitability, plasticity and the synchronization of neuronal activity in the frontal cortex (FC). It has been also proposed that the high-fat diet (HFD) could disturb the metabolism of glutamate and consequently the GABA levels, but the mechanism is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a HFD on the GABA levels in the FC and hippocampus of rats. RESULTS: The HFD significantly increased weight gain and blood glucose levels, whereas decreased the GABA levels in the FC and hippocampus compared with standard diet-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS: HFD decreases GABA levels in the FC and hippocampus of rat, which likely disrupts the GABAergic inhibitory processes, underlying feeding behavior.

Curcumin restores mitochondrial functions and decreases lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys of diabetic db/db mice

BACKGROUND: Nitrosative and oxidative stress play a key role in obesity and diabetes-related mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective was to investigate the effect of curcumin treatment on state 3 and 4 oxygen consumption, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, ATPase activity and lipid oxidation in mitochondria isolated from liver and kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. RESULTS: Hyperglycaemia increased oxygen consumption and decreased NO synthesis in liver mitochondria isolated from diabetic mice relative to the control mice. In kidney mitochondria, hyperglycaemia increased state 3 oxygen consumption and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels in diabetic mice relative to control mice. Interestingly, treating db/db mice with curcumin improved or restored these parameters to normal levels; also curcumin increased liver mitochondrial ATPase activity in db/db mice relative to untreated db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that hyperglycaemia modifies oxygen consumption rate, NO synthesis and increases TBARS levels in mitochondria from the liver and kidneys of diabetic mice, whereas curcumin may have a protective role against these alterations.

Participación del óxido nítrico durante el desarrollo del absceso hepático amebiano / Nitric oxide participation during amoebic liver abscess development

El óxido nítrico participa en funciones fisiológicas y fisiopatológicas, así como en el mecanismo de defensa del sistema inmunológico de mamíferos contra parásitos, virus y bacterias. La Entamoeba histolytica es un parásito protozoario causante de la amebiasis, la cual se caracteriza por el daño intestinal y la formación del absceso hepático amebiano (AHA). El desarrollo del absceso hepático amebiano en el hámster es similar al que desarrolla el humano, mientras que el ratón es resistente a la formación de este absceso, debido a un incremento en la producción de óxido nítrico. A diferencia del ratón, el desarrollo del absceso hepático amebiano en el hámster es debido a un exceso en la producción de óxido nítrico o posiblemente a una mayor susceptibilidad del hámster al daño producido por el óxido nítrico. Por lo tanto, sería importante realizar más estudios para determinar si en el humano, un exceso en la producción de óxido nítrico favorece la formación del absceso hepático amebiano.

Nitric oxide participates in both physiological and pathophysiological functions, and it plays an important role in the mammalian immune system in killing or inhibiting the growth of many pathogens, including parasites, viruses and bacteria. Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, which is characterized by intestinal damage and amoebic liver abscess development. The development of amoebic liver abscess in hamsters is similar to that in humans, whereas mice are resistant to amoebic liver abscess development due to an increase in nitric oxide production. Unlike in mice, amoebic liver abscess development in hamsters is due to an excess in nitric oxide production or possibly to a greater susceptibility of the hamster to damage caused by nitric oxide. Therefore, it could be important to elucidate if, in humans, an excess in nitric oxide production favors amoebic liver abscess development.